Land filling, Sewage management

Landfilling (Modern Landfill Site)

- Definition: Disposal of degradable urban waste in large pits outside cities.

● How it's done: 

- Garbage dumped into pit.

- Pit lined with plastic sheet → prevents toxic substances from leaking into soil.

- Soil cover added layer by layer.

- Methane gas produced during decomposition.

-Collection of sewage at bottom.

-Processing on sewage carried out.

-Well to monitor ground water level (to avoid pollution).

Process:

1. Compressed waste is dumped into pit.

2. Covered with soil, saw dust, leafy waste, and biochemicals.

3. Microbes present in soil decompose waste.

4. Completely filled pit is sealed with soil slurry.

5. After few days, best quality compost is formed.

6. Landfilling sites can be reused after removal of compost.

Advantages:

- Controls urban waste safely.

- Prevents ground water pollution.

- Produces compost that can be reused.

- Sites can be reused in future.

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Sewage Management:

In Villages:

-Sewage disposed in soil or biogas plant.

In Cities:

-Sewage carried to processing units.

-Treated by microbial processes.

Role of Microbes in Sewage Treatment:

- Decompose carbon compounds in sewage.

- Kill pathogens causing cholera, typhoid, etc.

- Release methane and CO₂ during decomposition.

- Phenol-oxidizing bacteria decompose toxic xenobiotic chemicals.

By-products:

-Sludge settles down → can be reused as fertilizer.

-Water released after treatment → environmentally safe.

Importance:

-Reduces spread of diseases.

-Controls water pollution.

-Converts waste into useful products.