Antibiotics, Microbes and Fuels, Biofuel, Microbial Pollution Control


● Antibiotics

Meaning: Medicines made from bacteria and fungi that kill or stop harmful microbes.

Examples: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines, Rifamycin (for TB).

Precautions:
•Take only with doctor’s advice.
•Complete the full course.
•Do not take unnecessarily (causes resistance).
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● Microbes and Fuels

Biogas Plant: Decomposes agricultural waste, dung, and sewage.

Useful Fuels Made by Microbes:
1. Methane – from anaerobic decomposition of waste.

2. Ethanol (alcohol) – from fermentation of molasses by yeast (Saccharomyces).

3. Hydrogen gas – from photoreduction of water by bacteria (fuel of the future).
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● Biofuel
Meaning: Fuel made from biomass (plants or waste) using microbes.

Types:
Solid (wood, crop residue)
Liquid (ethanol, biodiesel)
Gas (biogas, hydrogen gas)

Importance:
Renewable source of energy.
Environment friendly (less smoke).
Future alternative to fossil fuels.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

● Microbial Pollution Control

Problem: Increase in solid waste, sewage, and pollutants in cities → diseases & pollution.

Role of Microbes:

Used in biogas plants to decompose waste.

Used in compost production to recycle organic matter.

Importance: Helps reduce pollution, manage waste, and protect future generations.

Regards
Mansi 

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